Essay examples --

College Road Trip, a 2008 film directed by Roger Kumble and distributed by Walt Disney Studios, is based on Melanie Porter (Raven-Symonà ©), a college-bound student, and her father, Chicago police chief James Porter (Martin Lawrence), who cannot bear to let his daughter leave home. Melanie is ready to enter a new stage in her life. James, though, would rather she stay close to home by attending Northwestern University. Despite this, Melanie is offered an interview with her college of choice, Georgetown University, and plans immediately pack her bags. Melanie has no way to get to Georgetown until her friends invite her to join them on their college road trip. Her overprotective father insists on escorting her on their own trip instead. Throughout their trip, Melanie struggles to get along with her rigid father. She is sad that James is not interested in what she wants in life. After experiencing some car trouble, the family hitches a ride on a tour bus to James’ mother’ s house. On that ride, James finally listens to Melanie about her future goals. Later, Melanie runs into her friends, who invite her to spend the night in a sorority. Of course, James does not trust Melanie enough to be on her own, so he sneaks into the sorority and hides under the girls’ beds. There, he learns that Melanie is starting to trust him and feel that he understands her. The next morning, he is found in the sorority and is put in a local prison. Melanie is extremely upset at James and his inability to trust her. He finally realizes that she wants to be independent and free to make her own choices. The two agree to find any way they can to get a flight to Georgetown. They end up sky diving onto campus and making it just in time for her interview. After gettin... ...more flexible and open to change. Change within the family can be beneficial, for life is constantly changing outside the home. Making these adjustments will help the family become more balanced; it will improve the relationships between family members as each person learns to communicate effectively. Finally, the family members should continue to show appreciation, affection, and commitment to one another. If the family members spend time together, they should make sure it is enjoyable. Although the Porter family is going through a big change with Melanie leaving for college, it should continue to show support in times of stress and help with problems. The family will eventually be able to work out its differences reasonably. Family members will be able to trust each other, acknowledge each other’s independence, and encourage each other to follow their own dreams.

Educating Essex Essay

Dear editor, I am writing to you because I find it impossible to understand why ‘Educating Essex’ represents teenagers in this such way to society today, it only makes an impression of them, that â€Å"all Britain’s teenagers are goby, impolite, spoilt and lacking enough self-discipline to interact with anyone. † This supports stereotypes of modern reckless teens, when in reality â€Å"the majority of Britain’s teenagers are interesting, polite and simply brilliant young people quietly going about the business of creating a bright future for themselves. On ‘Educating Essex’ I have witnessed many negative things that show teenagers in a bad way, such as students walking across a table, pupils on mobile phones, swearing at each other and teachers, cyber-bullying, teenage pregnancy and young girls caked with make-up, even the introduction is very negative towards teenagers. This shows that all teenagers don’t behave in school and do not care about their education and future, but majority of students are not like that, most of them are fun-loving, active and mature for their age. I think the reason for their behaviour are the cameras, as most of them want to show off and think it’s a good idea to play up to them. ‘Educating Essex’ has only focused on the students that badly behave and cause the trouble all the time, but they haven’t showed the good side of teenagers, where they work hard in class, and behave because they are working to achieve the equivalent of five or more GCSE’s at grade A* to C. The programme only creates a fake image of a typical teenager, but certainly they do not act like that, and I know that because I am a student myself, and I’ve never seen this kind of behaviour in my school. I think that the Daily Mail article only focuses on the teachers in ‘Educating Essex’ and mostly points out the bad things teachers say and do. Also how they carry out the lesson, it shows how immature they are when they burst into a class and disturb the lesson just to sing happy birthday. Another teacher is shown; as the students are leaving his class he tells them â€Å"Clear off, scumbags†. In a different scene it shows when Mr Goddard hides behind his door as Mr Drew enters the room, he reaches out his arm around the door to welcome his deputy with a two-fingered gesture, and Mr Drew’s respond is â€Å" You are such a ****er†. In episode two, there is a scene shown of a girl called Carmelita, who accuses the deputy of assaulting her. At first she tells him to â€Å"get lost† and â€Å"shut up†, but in the end she gets excluded when he tells him to â€Å"**** off†. The deputy is cleared after the headtecher watches the CCTVcameras footage. Also the article mentions that â€Å"this sort of behaviour by pupils shouldn’t be allowed and there is extremely childish behaviour by the teachers, who are setting a very bad example for the pupils as they are likely to see the programme† in results of this the teenagers are influenced by what they see on the TV, and think it’s right to behave in this practical way, another influence are the teachers, as they set an example for the students. One more significant reason for child’s behaviour are the parents, because of the way they are bough up, if they have problems at home they will release their anger in school, on students and teachers. But essentially that article did not mention any positive things about teenagers. There were few positive things that I’ve witnessed on ‘Educating Essex’ but not many as I expected to be. I think one of them was when, they showed the students reflecting on what they have done wrong and teachers, because it’s great to hear both sides of the story, also the relationship between the teachers and students which doesn’t happen very often. Additionally how the teachers refused to give up on challenging the pupils, so they have a chance to achieve. But I think the programme should’ve showed more of the satisfactory students who are interesting, polite and clearly brilliant young people trying to achieve, to have a better future. The ‘Observer’ article has also only highlighted the bad points about teenagers, much the same as the ‘Daily Mail’ article. But it makes the reader hate teens, as they call them â€Å"gobby, spaced- out, bizarre† this only shows how selfish they are, and do not care about others. Also they point out how they dress and refer to girls as â€Å"spoiled brats†, and in my opinion they are allowed to do what they want, because it’s their own choice to look like that. I think that the programme doesn’t give a real image of teenagers today because, in my opinion everyone is different, and also because it only concentrated on the bad behaved student where on the other hand there is more students that work really hard on everything, and also contribute in society.

Definition of the political system Essay

The claims of superiority, often evident in the attitudes and actions of the west, is based on their acceptance of democracy and the ideals which it suggests. Democracy is the fundamental basis that western countries use to claim themselves superior to other countries in the world. Western countries believe that democracy is the only fair form of government and are often critical of countries that have different forms of government. One of the ironies of these facts is that most citizens of democratic countries do not know what the word democracy means and what it represents. â€Å"A citizen of America will cross the ocean to fight for democracy, but wont cross the street to vote in a national election.† Bill Vaughan The Oxford dictionary defines democracy as government by the people, direct or representative. In Canada we have a representative democracy that allows us to pick our political leaders, but because of the laws and institutions that are in place it is unlikely that we will ever have a â€Å"pure† form of democracy. Some of the important questions, which all Canadians need to ask themselves, include those at the heart of this essay: Why do we call ourselves a democracy, do we only have democratic rights every four years when we are asked to vote? When we chose those who will represent us do we have any control over their actions after they are in power? What possible means do the people have in controlling politicians and government decisions? These and other questions need to be addressed in order to determine the nature of our democracy and perhaps our attitudes toward it. Representation is an essential element of modern democracy. In comparing populations of modern countries to the 5th century B.C.E. city-state of Athens, where the first democracy originated, the first difficulty encountered by modern democracy becomes clear. The citizen assembly in Athens was the most innovative and important idea in the development of democratic politics. The small population of Athens, however, allowed for a gathering of all men over the age of 18. Modern cities and states could never gather all men and women over 18 in one area to discuss and vote on every aspect of a political agenda. The modern solution, representative democracy, ensures that one person who voices the opinions of the majority represents a large number of people in the government. Unfortunately in  modern politics this does not usually work the way it was intended to. In theory representative democracy is a logical and practical way to deal with large populations and limited time. But with political corruption being a widespread problem, the voice of the majority is not always heard and their interests are not always fought for. Instead our political system is corrupted by influence and alliances and this is one of the principle reasons why modern western countries will never have a pure form of democracy. During the Golden Age of Athens, democracy was the prided of all Athenians and they believed in only the purest form of democratic institutions. â€Å"The most pure democracy, is that which is so called principally from that equality which prevails in it, for this is what the law in that state directs: that the poor shall be in no greater subjection than the rich, nor that the supreme power shall be lodged with either of these, but both shall share it. For if liberty and equality, as some persons suppose, are chiefly to be found in a democracy, it must be so by every department of government being alike open to all?as the people are majority and what they vote is law† Democracy in Athens included people being given positions of power at random by drawing names or by election by peers. Modern democracy has become a means to pick our so-called political elites, those that have devoted their lives to politics. The elite are people we pick who have the real power in the institutions of representative government. The question that needs to be addressed is whether we have any control over those in power after we have put them there. Are there laws and institutions in place to prevent a group from gaining so much power that they are hard to challenge? I do not think there are. In some ways the people do have democracy only when they can vote every four years. That is one of the few times that the public is a real threat to any party. Canadians do have a lack of total control over actions of the government, the essential element of pure democracy. Majority rule in the  legislature is an element of the Canadian government that allows for a party to be in a position where few things threaten its ability to govern how it wants. If a party in Canada holds the majority rule in the House of Commons they are given the opportunity to place members in the senate. Also if the party holds majority in the House of Commons for long enough they will be able to create a majority in the senate. The Prime Minister of the party that hold a Commons majority is able to pick the governor general (a political figurehead), and they have almost absolute power and influence over the various institutions of government. This is why, in democratic countries like Canada, it is necessary to have institutions or laws that will keep the government in check. A government that holds the majority fears few things when it comes to the public. It can easily be seen that demonstrations have little effect on the government nor do many attempts by the public to get the governments attention. There are two very important things that the governments do fear and have little direct influence over, the Supreme Court of Canada and the media. Both of these institutions cater to the rights of every Canadian. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over disputes in all areas of the law, including constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law and civil law. One of the main functions of the court is to interpret the constitution as it pertains to the rights of Canadians. The Supreme Court is often called on to assist the government in interpreting the constitution during the creation of new law. Because the Supreme Court is based around fundamental human rights the government must abide by its rulings without question. And when it comes to the Supreme Court there are few instances of corruption, which is one of the bigger problems in politics. The Press, or Fifth Estate, is the second important check on government power. The press is the voice of the people, and although susceptible to manipulations of government, it is vital in keeping the public informed. The press are members of the public who appeal to the public and don’t necessarily care what the government thinks. The laws surrounding freedom of speech and freedom of the press allow the public to have some access to the truth. In my opinion the press has become a modern substitute for the  Athenian assembly where all Athenians were invited to every assembly to hear arguments on all aspects of political decisions. Although in modern democracy every citizen is not given the right to vote on every political decision, the media allows for the public to hear arguments from both sides about all issues. If one desired, one could find information on every issue up for debate in the House of Commons on any given day. When Democracy first started in Ancient Greece in a relatively small city-state of Athens it was enormously different than the democracy we know today. The basics of democracy: rule by the people, equality, and majority rule, have continued to be the foundation of modern democracy. We have maintained the basic principals of pure democracy but we have made some mandatory alterations to adopt democracy to the modern world. Sir Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.† But most importantly, at the end of the day, democracy attempts to create social equality.

The Patriot Act

After the United States was attacked in the infamous 9/11 episode, the United States enacted the United States of 2001 on October 24, 2001 (Mil Net, 2001). The law was passed without any objections to the passage of the law, and was signed by President Bush on October 26 of the same year (Encarta, 2008). The Patriot Act is considered as the centerpiece legislation of the United States' response to the September 11, 2001 tragedy (John Gamboa, 2008).The law by its defintion is a tool that aims to strengthen the instruments of the law enforcement arms of the state, especially its police and prosecutin arms, with the goal of preventing attacks of this kind in the future (Encarta, 2008). The act itself lays out specific rules on surveillance, intelligence gathering and sharing among law enforcement units, money laundering, security at entrance and exit points of the country and criminal law among others (Gamboa, 2008).In conjuction with the applicability of other statutes, has in fact giv en more foundation to the civil freedoms and rights of people (Paul Rosenweig, Alane Kochems & James Jay Carafano, 2004). To prevent abuse, the Act has been one of the most extensive reporting procedures attached on any law (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). But the question lies not in the benefits, but whether the law should be encated as is, with amendments or totally scrapped. Many critics of the Act have demonized the legislation as an instrument of abuse and a threat to individual rights (Paul Rosenweig, 2004).In the lifetime of the Act, many of the provisions in the law have either been amended, changed and re-worded to effect changes in the law to make it adapt to broader changes to attain less then defined and specific goals (Gamboa, 2008). But after all the smoke of critcism has cleared, one thing is still evident, the Act is still a very important tool in the fight against terrorism (Rosenweig, 2004). In the past, law enforcement groups were limited in the amount and quality of information that they could pass on to each other. The Act virtually did away with that limitation (Rosenweig, 2004).In this light, a majority of Americans, about 60 percent, are in favor of re-enacting that Act, but oppose any additional powers given to entities like the Federal Bureau of Investigation, like access to electronic mail, issuing subpoenas (Gary Langer, 2005) and to limit the access or rights of immigrants on U. S soil (New York Civil Liberties Union, 2005). Congress, basing on the utility of the Act, must enact the Act, subject to thorough study and discussion. Under the current ambit of the law, it is the people of the United States that are more apprehensive of the law than the intended terrorist targets (Gamboa, 2008).Many of the oppositors of the Act even claim that the law was just a cover for some law enforcement agencies to obtain the new expanded powers in the Act (Encarta, 2008). But again, the law and its effects would be more beneficial than the percieved threats to the citizenry (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). And that is where the powers and wisdom of the members of Congress must step in to review and take action against the threats that the Act has seemed to conjure up (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). References Gamboa, J. B. (2008, September 11). The Patriot Act.The Daily Aztec -9/11 where are we now http://media. www. thedailyaztec. com/media/storage/ paper741/news/2008/09/11/911WhereAreWeNow/The-Patriot. Act-3425472. shtml Langer, G. (2005). Poll: support seen for Patriot Act. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://abcnews. go. com/US/PollVault/story? id=833703 Mil Net. (2001). U. S. Patriot Act of 2001. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://www. milnet. com/pat-act-HR3162. htm MSN Encarta. (2008). Patriot Act. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_701712693_3/Patriot_Act.html New York Civil Liberties Union. (2005). Oppose expansion of USA Patriot Act. Retrieved S eptember 25, 2008, from http://ga1. org/nyclu/alert-description. html? alert_id=1303074 Rosenweig, P. (2004). United States. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://italianlibertarians. tripod. com/id12. html Rosenweig, P. , Kochems, A. & James Jay Carafano, J. J. ( 2004). The Parito Act reader: understanding the law's role in the global war on terrorism. Retriieved September 25, 2008, from http://www. heritage. org/Research/HomelandDefense/upload/69895_1. pdf The Patriot Act The United States 9/11 attack has marked a significant event in the history. The attack against USA was a proof that even strong and imperialist countries are never safe at any time. It has severely damaged the US reputation and challenged them further – economically, politically and socially. This system reluctance has made citizens and government more vigilant of their safety, and consequently it led US into formally launching laws and policies that aimed to strengthen their defenses against terrorist activities.Immediately following the 9/11 attack, the US government was fast into amending the US Patriotic Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). This act contains 157 sections, which includes legal responses to assist terrorist victims, protect civilians from fake solicitations, and provide benefits for public safety (Perez, 2003).The act gave more ability to the law enforcement bodies to investigat e on cases suspected to involve local and foreign terrorist activities, more power to target monetary transactions that possibly induced terrorist connections and filter against all electronic communication devices that may be infiltrated by terrorist activities (Gable). According to the US government and its supporters, the US Patriot Act shall be able to reveres terrorism efforts and effects in several ways:(1) The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug trafficking; (2) The Patriot Act facilitated information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better â€Å"connect the dots. â€Å"; (3) The Patriot Act updated the law to reflect new technologies and new threats and; (4) The Patriot Act increased the penalties for those who commit terrorist crimes (The USA Patriotic Act: Preserving Life and Liberty, pp.1-4). However, several years have passed since the attack and since th e start of the implementation of the act, numerous claims of its inefficacy have emerged; moreover, instead of its benefits being publicized, its negative implications and results are rather more rampant. Shortly two years since the 9/11 occurrence, and even right at the moment that we speak, numerous cases of violations of human liberties have bee n reported to have thwarted the civilian.More so, it has nourished the feeling of discontent and dissent over concerned citizens as the act continued its â€Å"rampage against terrorism. † What the act has merely done is to limit the privacy of the civilians. The act has legalized all sorts of interferences towards the private messages and way of communication that every individual goes through against their will, and even behind private citizens’ knowledge and consent (Kranich, 2003).The act, though it has indeed signaled the intensified battle against terrorism, it has also catered the arena that strengthened the backbone for government intervention against private citizens. Ironically though, the same provisions that are supposedly and potentially to be of important use in order to eliminate terrorist activities, are the same provisions that have suppressed the liberty of individuals and have further violated human rights in a number of ways.Amidst the oppositions from concerned groups against the passage and the continuity of the amendment, still the US government pursued its interest to counter terrorism even against the will and support of a large part of the American citizens, as well as other citizens around the world. Now, looking back at the instances starting from the attack, towards the end wherein the US legalized such provisions for the US Patriot Act – it is only rational to take a look on what it has caused and asses if the result was worth taking the risk once more if the provisions of the act are to be renewed.Personally, if I were to take a vote on whether the act should be re newed, I would rather have it reassessed first and point out the blunders that have caused too much opposition against it. At one point, the act was passed under limited time and too much pressure from the international community as it was enacted shortly after the 9/11 attack, it is enough to say that it was passed without proper deliberations (Van Bergen, 2002) Moreover, changes are really ought to be done in order to create a just and equal standpoint in battling against terrorism.One thing that should be changed is the utter disrespect against individual liberty that it encourages. Anything that directly and deliberately limits and suppresses the freedom and privacy of an individual must be opposed just because of mere suspicions. If anything must be done that shall violate the rights of the individuals, proper investigation must take recourse and until sufficient information are gathered, no one holds the right to interfere against anyone’s privacy.Though the US Patriot Act was implemented in its goal to counter terrorist attacks and to further protect the welfare of the American citizens, as well as other citizens in world but, it should not be forgotten that the basic right to freedom of the individuals should not be put at stake. Countrywide safety is really important, however, to totally violate the human rights is also as dangerous as what terrorism can bring, thus justifying the changes, if not the repeal of the US Patriot Act. References Department of Justice. The USA Patriotic Act: Preserving Life and Liberty.Retrieved from Life and Liberty database Gable, Garrett. Effects of the USA Patriot Act. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from Kranich, Nancy. (2003) The Impact of USA Patriot Act: An Update. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from Perez, Paul. 2003. USA Patriot Act helps efforts to combat terrorism. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from St. Petersburg Times Van Bergen, Jennifer. 2002. Repeal the USA Patriot Act. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from www. tru thout. org

The Byod Security Risk

The BYOD Security Risk Introduction The introduction of mobile devices in the workplace has been on the rise and there is no denying that these devices are transforming how companies do business. This has introduced the BYOD or Bring Your Own Device model in the workplace and its becoming more popular every day. BYOD is a policy that accepts employees bringing personally owned mobile devices to their workplace and using them to access company data such as email, file servers and databases as well as their personal applications and data.But as data transmissions increase with these devices so does the chances of them being hacked and the burden of successfully managing the mobile devices is laid upon the IT departments. One of the real underlying issue with BYOD and mobile security is the that people in IT, compliance and internal audit aren't willing to stick their necks out and try to enforce their mobile security policies or enforce an effective Enterprise Mobility Management solut ion. First Section Title goes hereEnterprise Mobility Management can be described as the set of people, processes and technology focused on managing the increasing array of mobile devices, wireless networks, and related services to enable broad use of mobile computing in a business context. Enterprise Mobility can be broken down into 2 parts Mobile Application Management and Mobile Device Management. In short Mobile Application Management or MAM is the use of secure application to connect employees to Crop data and the application secures the data from other apps on your phone.Mobile Device Management or MDM takes a centralized approach and installs an application on the mobile device and the software allows you to use all your native apps to access Crop data and email and is managed from a centralized server. Both these examples of Enterprise Mobility Management have their own pros and cons but provide solid solution to the mobile security issues in the workplace. Second Section ti tle goes here With the increasing need for mobile devices in the workplace and although ost employees have embarrassed it most IT departments are not ready to meet the security demands a mobile device network can put on a company. Let’s look at this survey where 4,000 employees in a verity of industries across 16 countries were surveyed and half of them use their mobile devices for work. CIO’s and IT departments want to embrace the BYOD model to help accomplish their company’s mission but they want to do it securely. At this point the secret is out BYOD is a real issue and IT departments need to strategize now for an effective enterprise mobility management solution.It’s time to ignore the standard approved device list, locking down corporate apps, and enforcing mobile device policy. The risk of a CIO or IT department failing to implement a suitable solution for their mobile device network is very real. It’s time to explore new ideas to effectively manage a mobile device network via the Enterprise Mobility platform. The invasion of mobile device’s into the workplace is going to happen weather industry leaders want them to or not, and smarter companies are looking to deploy Enterprise Mobility strategies before they are overrun.Third Section title goes here Adapting security and management for the new generation of mobile devices is turning out to be a huge corporate challenge. The Company Thomson Reuters like many companies is struggling to find which enterprise mobility management and security systems for their mobile device network consisting of mostly IPads and IPhones. Thomson Reuters has introduced the BYOD approach to its users to but not without a signed document requiring employees to surrender their device to IT if necessary if detection of negligent use.The problem with BYOD is that current IT, compliance and internal audits departments need to â€Å"Get With It† and enforce their mobile security polic ies. The threat of a security breach with mobile devices is real and large companies need to realize it and find the balance between usability and security. And it’s not just large companies and corporations that are being affected the BYOD model or the user of mobile devices in the workplace. Small business in the last several years and most businesses found mobile devices useful.But few small businesses are a where of the significances of an adequate mobile device management solution. A survey was conducted by CDW of 753 mobile device users and IT professionals from July 2012 to June 2012. The survey found that 79% of the small businesses deployed smart-phones to some of their employees but 67% of IT managers in the survey are unfamiliar with Enterprise Mobility Management software. The use or knowledge of mobile device management is virtually non-existent in small businesses.Fourth Section title goes here Not only is the lack of preparation by IT departments a problem in p osing a security risk, but the devices and the applications on them pose a security risk. Bit9 did a research study analyzing the security permissions of Androids 400,000 apps and found over 100,000 posed a security risk. 72% of them use at least one high-risk permission and 26% access personal data such as gps location, email, and contacts information.Even some basic apps like wallpaper apps ask for gps data and should be a red flag to users. Having these apps on your Android mobile device along with company date could be a serious problem. Especially since the average user doesn’t read the information pertaining to the app their installing. Fifth Section title goes here Furthermore the mobile devices themselves can be lost or stolen and if the data is not encrypted it can be accessed. In less than two years, from September 22, 2009 through May8, 2011, the U. S.Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) indicates that 116 data breaches of 500 records or more were the direct result of the loss or theft of a mobile device, exposing more than 1. 9 million patients' PHI. Sixty-four percent of physicians own smartphones and 30 percent of physicians have an iPad, with another 28 percent planning to buy one within six months, according to a recent Manhattan Research study. If one of these devices with patient information was lost without any type of enterprise mobility management software the patient data can be exposed.Conclusion In conclusion businesses can save money by letting employee’s buy their own devices, IT departments need to implement secure, efficient ways to let employees, contractors and guests gain access to the corporate network, while protecting data and applications. It takes a proactive approach to solve this BYOD problem and IT departments need to educate themselves on an enterprise mobility solution as mobile devices in the workplace is only going to play a larger role. Being able to manage and sec ure your mobile device network should be a priority of an IT Department.

Exercise three Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise three - Essay Example In the history of teaching information systems, there has been a shift of emphasis in regard to teaching OS material. Previously the focus was on disk operating system (DOS). This was the first operating system for IBM compatible desk top computers. Then, the RAM was quite limited and the programming language used was BASIC (Hailperin 57). In the 1980s sequential storage devices were used to store programs. Unlike RAM, these types of data is stored and accessed in sequence. Today we have many different types of operating systems, and they can be broken down into two types of OS. 1) Open source Operating Systems 2) Proprietary Operating Systems Proprietary OS are owned by corporations and controlled by them. Examples are DOS and WINDOWS versions. In open source OS, the codes are open to everyone and therefore, anyone can make changes to the OS. There is a third class of OS labelled as Embedded Operating Systems. They are the operating systems that are permanently stored on ROM (Read Only Memory) chips that are embedded into smart phones, video games, and other electronic devices. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) was developed. The code typically uses an 8 bit code which would have 2 to the 8th power possible orderings of the bits. This could represent 256 different characters (Hailperin 264). This application software is more restricted in whatever it performs, but it often completes a task much better or easier than general purpose software. For example, a tax calculation program that keeps a record of expenses for tax purposes. The internet community knows that the main step in shielding their private information on the internet is to certify that they use an encrypted link. As a consequence, phishing attacks, which make use of SSL certificates, are risky as they are linked with increased level of guarantee. The extent of an RSA public key gives a signal of the power of the

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Financial Management - Essay Example Therefore it can be said that Nokia is responsible for rapid growth in cellular communication and is a pioneer in this field. These four groups are serviced by two other horizontal groups, which are Customer and Market Operations and Technology Platforms. These groups are further supported by various other groups and teams centered mostly in headquarters, related with corporation functions. From 2008 onwards however, three different groups involved in mobile device business and their respective horizontal groups have been integrated into a single unit and named Devices & Services. The main reason for this integration is to increase horizontal integration across the company. Another important aspect of Nokia’s business model is its sales and customer services units. These units are dispersed across more than 150 countries. There are ten different factories across nine countries involved in cell phone manufacturing operated by Nokia. Some models are outsourced to various contractors as well. Nokia is controlled by a group executive board which is responsible for its operative management. The appointments on group executive board in turn are made by the Board of Directors. The Group Executive board currently has eleven members. In line with its long term vision of flexibility and innovation Nokia has recently decided to bring central changes to its management structure. The move is not only marked by a management strategy but a major change in business strategy as well. As mentioned earlier mobile phone market is saturated with many different players such as Apple, Samsung, and Philips etc in tough competition. Therefore Nokia’s group executive board has decided to shift its focus towards making Nokia an internet company. The management structure will therefore be changed into three main units i.e. devices, software and services and markets. The main focus of Nokia’s corporate governance strategy